Have you ever wanted to see around corners like a submarine captain? In this periscope model project, kids will learn how light reflects to allow us to see objects that are out of direct sight. This simple and fun project demonstrates the principles of optics and reflection using just mirrors and cardboard.
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Table of Contents:
Introduction to Periscope Models
A working model of a periscope is an exciting way to explore the reflection of light. Periscopes are used in submarines, military vehicles, and even science experiments to see over or around objects.
Related Topic: Want to explore another exciting physics project? Check out our DIY Water Filter Project and learn how filtration works in real life.
Did You Know?
Periscopes were first used in the 1600s for observing battlefields from hidden positions.
Modern periscopes use prisms instead of mirrors to provide clearer images.
How Does a Periscope Work?
A periscope project works on the principle of light reflection. When light hits a mirror, it bounces off at the same angle. By placing two mirrors at 45-degree angles inside a cardboard tube, we can redirect light to see around obstacles.
Key Concepts Kids Will Learn:
Reflection of Light – How light bounces off surfaces.
Angles & Optics – The importance of mirror placement.
Real-World Applications – How periscopes are used in submarines and security.
Materials Required
Here’s what you need to make a periscope science project:
Name | Quantity | Purpose |
Cardboard Tube | 1 | Acts as the body of the periscope |
Mirrors | 2 | Reflects light to provide vision |
Tape or Glue | 1 roll | Secures mirrors inside the tube |
Scissors & Cutter | 1 set | Used to cut and shape the cardboard |
Ruler & Protractor | 1 each | Helps in measuring the 45-degree angles |
Markers & Stickers | Optional | For decorating the periscope |
Want to learn more about light and optics? Explore our STEM Courses!
Step-by-Step Guide: How to Build a Periscope Model
1. Prepare the Cardboard Tube
Take a cardboard box or tube and cut it into a rectangular shape.
Measure and cut two square holes at opposite ends.
2. Position the Mirrors
Place one mirror at a 45-degree angle inside the top hole.
Place the second mirror at a 45-degree angle inside the bottom hole.
Secure the mirrors with tape or glue.
3. Assemble the Periscope
Fold the cardboard into a box shape and secure it with tape.
Ensure that both mirrors face each other correctly.
4. Test & Use Your Periscope
Hold your periscope up and look through the bottom hole.
Adjust the mirrors if needed to get a clear reflection of objects around corners.
The Science Behind Light Reflection
A periscope science project is based on the laws of reflection, which state:
The angle of incidence = The angle of reflection.
A smooth surface, like a mirror, reflects light predictably.
How Mirrors Work in a Periscope
Component | Function | Example |
Mirror 1 (Top) | Reflects light downward | Redirects image to second mirror |
Mirror 2 (Bottom) | Reflects light toward the eye | Allows user to see around obstacles |
Cardboard Tube | Provides a viewing path | Protects the mirrors from external light |
Experiment Variations & Real-Life Applications
Try These Fun Variations:
Use different mirror angles – See how it changes the image reflection.
Make a taller periscope – Try extending the length and observe if the image clarity changes.
Use transparent plastic instead of mirrors – Experiment with how different materials affect reflection.
Where Are Periscopes Used in Real Life?
Submarines – Help sailors see above water.
Tanks & Military Vehicles – Allow vision without exposure.
Security Cameras – Use similar reflection techniques for a better field of view.
Conclusion
The periscope model is a great way to explore light, reflection, and optics. By understanding how mirrors reflect light, kids can see around obstacles just like submarine operators!
Want more hands-on experiments? Check out our Line-Following Robot Project and explore how robots navigate using sensors.
Ready to take your learning further? Join our Advanced STEM & Robotics Program for Grades 2-12 and build exciting projects!
FAQs
1. What is a periscope used for?
Periscopes are used in submarines, military vehicles, and observation towers.
2. Why are mirrors placed at 45-degree angles?
The 45-degree angle allows light to reflect correctly so the user can see objects above or around corners.
3. Can I use any type of mirror for this project?
Yes, but flat mirrors work best for a clearer image.
4. Does the periscope work at night?
A periscope works best with light sources. In the dark, additional lighting is needed.
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